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the main energy storage substances in seeds
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Protein Storage Bodies and Vacuoles | The Plant Cell | Oxford …
INTRODUCTION. Plants store proteins in embryo and vegetative cells to provide carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur resources for subsequent growth and development. The storage and mobilization cycles of amino acids that compose these proteins are critical to the life cycle of plants. Mechanisms for protein storage and mobilization serve many …
Plant Storage Lipids
Storage lipids are mainly found in plant propagules such as seeds and pollen grains, where they form an energy source for post-germinative growth. The main commercial sources of plant storage lipids are oilseed crops such as soybean, rapeseed and maize or oil-rich fruits such as olive or oil palm. Triacylglycerols also have several …
Seasonal trends in energy contents and storage substances of …
The energy content of storage substances has been studied in Mediterranean evergreen (Diamantoglou and Kull, 1982, Larcher and Thomaser-Thin, 1988, Meletiou-Christou et al., 1994) and deciduous species (Diamantoglou et al., 1989), as well as in
Regulation of seed storage protein synthesis in monocot and …
During seed development, storage compounds containing carbohydrates, storage proteins, and lipids are synthesized. These storage reserves provide about 70% of the energy …
Stimulus-responsive proteins involved in multi-process regulation of storage substance …
Alpha-amylase isozyme 3E and seed allergy protein RA5 may be the key proteins to regulate grain storage substance accumulation and further influence quality under elevated temperature. This study enriched the regulatory factors involved in the response to elevated temperature and provided a new idea for a better understanding of …
Metabolic Processes During Seed Germination | IntechOpen
Seed germination is crucial stage in plant development and can be considered as a determinant for plant productivity. Physiological and biochemical changes followed by morphological changes during germination are strongly related to seedling survival rate and vegetative growth which consequently affect yield and quality. This study …
9.2: Seed Physiology
Seed — a living plant in a quiescent state. In the ovary, within the ovule, after egg and sperm unite to form the zygote, the zygote cell repeatedly divides and develops into an embryo. The embryo differentiates into different structures — plumule, radicle, cotyledon (s), and the endosperm, seed coat, or pericarp develop.
NF-YC12 is a key multi-functional regulator of accumulation of …
Starch and storage proteins, the primary storage substances of cereal endosperm, are a major source of food for humans. However, the transcriptional …
Seed Storage and Longevity: Mechanism, Types and Management
The main objective behind seed storage of economically important crops is to ensure the availability of planting stock for the next growing season. Accumulation of …
Genes and Their Molecular Functions Determining Seed …
Structurally, rice seeds mainly comprise the spikelet hull, seed coat, aleurone layer, embryo, and endosperm. Among them, the size of spikelet hull is the key …
Carbohydrate reserves and seed development: an overview
Carbohydrates are one of the main energy sources for both plant and animal cells and play a fundamental role in seed development, human nutrition and the food industry. …
NF-YC12 is a key multi-functional regulator of accumulation of seed storage substances in rice
Starch and storage proteins, the primary storage substances of cereal endosperm, are a major source of food for humans. However, the transcriptional regulatory networks of the synthesis and accumulation of storage substances remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a rice endosperm-specific gene, NF-YC12, that encodes a …
A Novel Mutation of OsPPDKB, Encoding Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase, Affects Metabolism …
Starch, as a main energy storage substance, plays an important role in plant growth and human life. Despite the fact that several enzymes and regulators involved in starch biosynthesis have been identified, the regulating mechanism of starch synthesis is still unclear. In this study, we isolated a r …
Lipid metabolism in plants
Jojoba, a desert shrub found in the American southwest, is the only plant species known to accumulate waxes (up to 60% of seed weight) rather than TG as a seed storage reserve. These waxes are mostly derived from C20 to C24 monounsaturated fatty acids and alcohols and are synthesized by the elongation of oleate followed by reduction …
Seed Storage
Seed storage lipids are mainly oils, i.e., liquid above 20°C, and almost always triacylglycerols (TAGs), i.e., esters of glycerol and fatty acids (see Box 12-2 in Chapter 12 ). One exception is jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) seed. It stores liquid wax formed by the acylation of fatty acids to long-chain alcohols.
Plant Storage Products (Carbohydrates, Oils and Proteins)
The storage products in seeds are predominately carbohydrates, oils and proteins, which are synthesised and stored in specialised tissues during seed …
NF-YC12 is a key multi-functional regulator of accumulation of …
The rice endosperm, which is the main storage tissue, is the triploid product of the fertilization of two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac with one sperm cell nucleus (Sabelli and Larkins, 2009). A fully developed endosperm, which …
New perspectives on physiological, biochemical and bioactive components during germination of edible seeds…
Grain and legume seeds cannot obtain energy from the outside world during germination, so they must degrade their own storage substances to provide energy for growth. There are a large number of bound enzymes stored in quiescent dry seeds, and these dormant enzymes could be activated under suitable conditions, resulting in …
NF-YC12 is a key multi-functional regulator of accumulation of seed storage substances …
This study demonstrates a transcriptional regulatory network involving NF-YC12, which coordinates multiple pathways to regulate endosperm development and the accumulation of storage substances in rice seeds. Keywords: Grain filling, NF-Y factor, rice (Oryza sativa), seed specific expression, storage substance accumulation, …
Structural development and physicochemical properties of starch …
Background Starch is the main storage substance in rice caryopsis and its properties will determine the quality of rice. Super rice has been extensively studied due to its high-yield characteristics, but the knowledge of amyloplast development and starch quality in caryopsis of super rice especially with large panicle is limited. Results To …
[PDF] NF-YC12 is a key multi-functional regulator of accumulation of seed storage substances …
A transcriptional regulatory network involving NF-YC12 is demonstrated, which coordinates multiple pathways to regulate endosperm development and the accumulation of storage substances in rice seeds. Abstract Starch and storage proteins, the primary storage substances of cereal endosperm, are a major source of food for …
Exploration of the phytohormone regulation of energy storage compound accumulation in microalgae
The accumulation of microalgal energy storage substances (lipids and carbohydrates) is mainly caused by environmental stress conditions (such as abiotic stress) (Chokshi et al., 2017). These environmental stresses include physical stimulation (such as temperature, pH, light intensity, and salinity) and chemical stimulation (such as nutrient …
Factors Influencing Seed Dormancy and Germination and Advances in Seed …
Seed dormancy and germination play pivotal roles in the agronomic traits of plants, and the degree of dormancy intuitively affects the yield and quality of crops in agricultural production. Seed priming is a pre-sowing seed treatment that enhances and accelerates germination, leading to improved seedling establishment. Seed priming …
Seed Storage Protein
Biochemical and biophysical properties of plant storage proteins Massimo F Marcone, in Food Research International, 1999A protein may, therefore, be classified as a seed storage protein if it: accumulates in the seed in large amounts; is hydrolysed to constituent amino acids during germination and early seedling growth; and finally possesses high levels of …
16.2: Carbohydrates
It occurs in plants in the form of granules, and these are particularly abundant in seeds (especially the cereal grains) and tubers, where they serve as a storage form of carbohydrates. The breakdown of starch to glucose nourishes the plant during periods of reduced photosynthetic activity.
6.1.3 Use & Storage of Carbohydrates | CIE IGCSE Biology …
Converted into cellulose to build cell walls. Glucose can be used in respiration to provide energy. Converted to sucrose for transport in the phloem. As nectar to attract insects for pollination. Plants can also convert the carbohydrates made into lipids for an energy source in seeds and into amino acids (used to make proteins) when combined ...
Plants | Free Full-Text | Choosing the Right Path for the Successful Storage of Seeds …
Seeds are the most commonly used source of storage material to preserve the genetic diversity of plants. However, prior to the deposition of seeds in gene banks, several questions need to be addressed. Here, we illustrate the scheme that can be used to ensure that the most optimal conditions are identified to enable the long-term storage of seeds. …
New perspectives on physiological, biochemical and bioactive …
Starch is the main form of nutrients storage in edible seeds. During the stage of seeds germination, starch is hydrolyzed under the action of amylase into small …
(PDF) NF-YC12 is a key multi-functional regulator of accumulation of seed storage substances …
Here, we identified a rice endosperm-specific gene, NF-YC12, that encodes a putative nuclear. factor-Y transcription factor subunit C. NF-YC12 is expressed in the aleurone layer and starchy ...
Plant Storage Products (Carbohydrates, Oils and Proteins)
In seeds, storage products (carbohydrates, oils and proteins) are accumulated during maturation and are utilised following germination to support early growth of the seedling. Likewise, storage products accumulated over winter in tree bark, tubers and perennial weed roots provide nutrients for rapid resumption of growth in the spring.
Horticulturae | Free Full-Text | Review of the Current …
Germination inhibitors, which inhibit the germination of seeds, spores and other plant reproductive material, are abundant in the plant kingdom and include phenols, cyanides, alkaloids, essential oils, …
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